一、var) w) N# p' R V
在ES5中,顶层对象的属性和全局变量是等价的,用var声明的变量既是全局变量,也是顶层变量。 / ]* `. D5 ^* b$ z 注意:顶层对象,在浏览器环境指的是window对象,在 Node 指的是global对象。 0 V6 N" H! o3 n! b) g1 H& F; P. d
// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
暂时性死区3 r) _0 V/ p" S
var不存在暂时性死区,let和const存在暂时性死区,只有等到声明变量的那一行代码出现,才可以获取和使用该变量。( V1 ]) s! ]: f8 m6 p
// var
console.log(a) // undefined
var a = 10
// let
console.log(b) // Cannot access 'b' before initialization
let b = 10
// const
console.log(c) // Cannot access 'c' before initialization
const c = 10
块级作用域) G O9 x1 X) N7 _+ s- r8 k* B
var不存在块级作用域,let和const存在块级作用域。- F- `7 r* W$ `- v" `. V
// var
{
var a = 20
}
console.log(a) // 20
// let
{
let b = 20
}
console.log(b) // Uncaught ReferenceError: b is not defined
// const
{
const c = 20
}
console.log(c) // Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined
// var
var a = 10
var a = 20 // 20
// let
let b = 10
let b = 20 // Identifier 'b' has already been declared
// const
const c = 10
const c = 20 // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
修改声明的变量% \8 [, ~) r0 L( S
var和let可以,const声明一个只读的常量。一旦声明,常量的值就不能改变。+ L' Q3 e9 N* g% Y# n- R
// var
var a = 10
a = 20
console.log(a) // 20
//let
let b = 10
b = 20
console.log(b) // 20
// const
const c = 10
c = 20
console.log(c) // Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable